{"id":1010,"date":"2019-07-03T16:23:47","date_gmt":"2019-07-03T14:23:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/2019\/07\/03\/l-echec-de-la-guerre-de-mouvement\/"},"modified":"2019-07-03T16:23:47","modified_gmt":"2019-07-03T14:23:47","slug":"l-echec-de-la-guerre-de-mouvement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/2019\/07\/03\/l-echec-de-la-guerre-de-mouvement\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;\u00e9chec de la guerre de mouvement"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">Premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, Histoire &#8211; La Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/span>&nbsp;:<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 18pt; color: #800000;\">Un embrasement mondial et ses grandes \u00e9tapes<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 18pt; color: #800000;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1006\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1.jpg\" alt=\"faget1\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" width=\"833\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1.jpg 833w, https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1-768x427.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-32\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2009\/09\/pucebleue.jpg\" alt=\"pucebleue\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" \/>&nbsp; L&rsquo;un des deux objectifs principaux du chapitre est un essai de p\u00e9riodisation (\u00ab\u00a0les phases de la guerre\u00a0\u00bb, objectif rappel\u00e9 ensuite : \u00ab\u00a0les grandes \u00e9tapes de la guerre\u00a0\u00bb).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-32\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2009\/09\/pucebleue.jpg\" alt=\"pucebleue\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" \/><\/span> Concernant la p\u00e9riodisation, les objectifs secondaires (\u00ab\u00a0on peut mettre en avant\u00a0\u00bb) invitent, entre autres, \u00e0 analyser \u00ab\u00a0l&rsquo;\u00e9chec de la guerre de mouvement et le passage \u00e0 la guerre de position\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-32\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2009\/09\/pucebleue.jpg\" alt=\"pucebleue\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" \/><\/span> Cette th\u00e9matique concerne le front ouest et les mois d&rsquo;ao\u00fbt-septembre 1914. On peut distinguer un \u00e9chec allemand de la guerre de mouvement (le \u00ab\u00a0faux mouvement\u00a0\u00bb de Von Kl\u00fcck et la bataille de la Marne d\u00e9jouent le plan Moltke\/Schlieffen) d&rsquo;un \u00e9chec fran\u00e7ais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-32\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2009\/09\/pucebleue.jpg\" alt=\"pucebleue\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" \/><\/span> Cette proposition s&rsquo;inscrit dans cette perspective. L&rsquo;objectif est, \u00e0 travers l&rsquo;analyse documentaire, d&rsquo;expliquer cet \u00e9chec fran\u00e7ais en opposant une culture de guerre nourrie des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences du \u00ab\u00a0romantisme militaire\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;armement en 1914. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-32\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2009\/09\/pucebleue.jpg\" alt=\"pucebleue\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" \/><\/span><\/span> <strong>Les enjeux :<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1007\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget2.jpg\" alt=\"faget2\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" width=\"845\" height=\"878\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget2.jpg 845w, https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget2-289x300.jpg 289w, https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget2-768x798.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 845px) 100vw, 845px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1008\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget3.jpg\" alt=\"faget3\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" width=\"847\" height=\"407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget3.jpg 847w, https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget3-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget3-768x369.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-32\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2009\/09\/pucebleue.jpg\" alt=\"pucebleue\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" \/><\/span><\/span> <strong>L&rsquo;ensemble documentaire :<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>La premi\u00e8re photographie est la mise en sc\u00e8ne d&rsquo;une charge, publi\u00e9e dans l&rsquo;Illustration en 1915. Elle est l&rsquo;occasion de mettre en \u00e9vidence les \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs d&rsquo;un mouvement offensif dans l&rsquo;imaginaire civil.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">La deuxi\u00e8me photographie repr\u00e9sente une charge ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e par une unit\u00e9 en 1913, au cours des grandes manoeuvres (les op\u00e9rateurs de l&rsquo;agence Rol photographient les grandes manoeuvres terrestres et navales depuis 1911). Cette source indique la mani\u00e8re dont les militaires eux-m\u00eames se repr\u00e9sentent un mouvement offensif.<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">Malgr\u00e9 quelques diff\u00e9rences, on pourra souligner la remarquable homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des repr\u00e9sentations civiles et militaires. La culture de guerre, culture du \u00ab\u00a0choc\u00a0\u00bb, est partag\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">Le troisi\u00e8me document est une peinture d&rsquo;Horace Vernet repr\u00e9sentant un \u00e9pisode des guerres r\u00e9volutionnaires : Bonaparte franchissant le pont d&rsquo;Arcole \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ses troupes. La source est repr\u00e9sentative du \u00ab\u00a0romantisme militaire\u00a0\u00bb. Les diff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs de la charge telle qu&rsquo;elle est imagin\u00e9e\/repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e en 1914 trouvent leur origine au d\u00e9but du XIXe si\u00e8cle. Plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, cette oeuvre t\u00e9moigne de l&rsquo;importance du \u00ab\u00a0tropisme\u00a0\u00bb napol\u00e9onien dans la culture de guerre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">Le quatri\u00e8me document est la \u00ab\u00a0fiche technique\u00a0\u00bb de la mitrailleuse Maxim utilis\u00e9e par les Allemands pendant la Premi\u00e8re guerre mondiale. Sa puissance de feu peut-\u00eatre soulign\u00e9e (500 coups\/minute) : les charges fran\u00e7aises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fauch\u00e9es (r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du feu). On peut \u00e9galement mettre en avant que les Fran\u00e7ais n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas sous-\u00e9quip\u00e9s en mitrailleuses mais qu&rsquo;ils ne l&rsquo;utilisaient pas de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on (culture de guerre) : la plupart sont cantonn\u00e9es au service des fortifications.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">Le dernier document est le t\u00e9moignage d&rsquo;un officier sur la charge et le \u00ab\u00a0choc\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 la ba\u00efonnette. L&rsquo;auteur relativise l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat de l&rsquo;arme blanche (moins d&rsquo;1% des pertes pendant la Grande Guerre) et assimile la charge \u00e0 une \u00ab\u00a0bande de gens apeur\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">M. Faget &#8211;<\/span> Acad\u00e9mie de Nice<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms, geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">Mars 2019<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-284\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2012\/02\/fch_drt2.gif\" alt=\"fch drt2\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" \/> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/echecGMouv_NICE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2012\/09\/pdf-tlgt.jpg\" alt=\"pdf tlgt\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, Histoire &#8211; La Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale&nbsp;: Un embrasement mondial et ses grandes \u00e9tapes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; L&rsquo;un des deux objectifs principaux du chapitre est un essai de p\u00e9riodisation (\u00ab\u00a0les phases de la guerre\u00a0\u00bb, objectif rappel\u00e9 ensuite : \u00ab\u00a0les grandes \u00e9tapes de la guerre\u00a0\u00bb). Concernant la p\u00e9riodisation, les objectifs secondaires (\u00ab\u00a0on peut mettre en [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1006,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-au-lycee"],"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1.jpg",833,463,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1.jpg",833,463,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1.jpg",833,463,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1-300x167.jpg",300,167,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1.jpg",833,463,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1.jpg",833,463,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1.jpg",833,463,false],"advps-thumb-one":["https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2019\/07\/faget1-600x220.jpg",600,220,true]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"norco","author_link":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/author\/norco\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/category\/peda\/au-lycee\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Au lyc\u00e9e<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, Histoire &#8211; La Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale&nbsp;: Un embrasement mondial et ses grandes \u00e9tapes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; L&rsquo;un des deux objectifs principaux du chapitre est un essai de p\u00e9riodisation (\u00ab\u00a0les phases de la guerre\u00a0\u00bb, objectif rappel\u00e9 ensuite : \u00ab\u00a0les grandes \u00e9tapes de la guerre\u00a0\u00bb). Concernant la p\u00e9riodisation, les objectifs secondaires (\u00ab\u00a0on peut mettre en\u2026","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1010"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1010\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pedagogie.ac-nice.fr\/histoire-geographie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}